The Hindu Editorial (Gearing up) – Jan 11, 2021

India now has a firm date to roll out the biggest vaccination programme in its history. Prime Minister Narendra Modi has said that from January 16,… For further reading, visit “The Hindu”. Below is today’s word list-1 for The Hindu Editorial (Gearing up) – Jan 11, 2021.

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Today’s word list-1 for The Hindu Editorial (Gearing up) – Jan 11, 2021:

gear up (phrasal verb) – get ready, prepare, equip (oneself) for something.
vaccine (noun) – a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease.
public trust (noun) – public confidence/belief in the reliability of something.
vaccination (noun) – treatment with a vaccine to protect against a particular disease; immunization.
bolster (verb) – strengthen, support, boost, reinforce/buttress.
roll out (phrasal verb) – launch, introduce, organize, inaugurate (something officially).
sanitation (noun) – it generally refers to the provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and faeces (Courtesy: WHO).
Oxford vaccine/Covishield (noun) – (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) or (AZD1222) is a COVID-19 vaccine candidate developed by Oxford University and AstraZeneca, UK Ltd. (named Covishield in India). Serum Institute of India (SII), a biotechnology company has partnered with global pharma giant AstraZeneca and Oxford University for this vaccine candidate ‘Covidshield’.
Covaxin (noun) – India’s first indigenous COVID-19 vaccine candidate (COVAXIN) developed by a Hyderabad-based company (Bharat Biotech) in collaboration with the ICMR (The Indian Council of Medical Research).
dose (noun) – an amount/quantity of something.
the prioritised (noun) – the most important people (e.g. frontline workers).
co-morbidity (noun) – the presence of one or more additional conditions (diseases/problems) co-occurring/co-existing with a primary condition (disease/problem).
candidate vaccine BNT162b2 (noun) – mRNA-based vaccine candidate produced by Pfizer and BioNTech.
candidate vaccine mRNA-1273 (noun) – mRNA-1273 is an an mRNA vaccine candidate which was co-developed by Moderna and investigators from NIAID’s Vaccine Research Center.
under a cloud (phrase) – under suspicion/doubt/wariness.
belong to (verb) – be affiliated to, be associated with, be connected to, be linked to.
league (noun) – group, category.
efficacy (noun) – In medicine, the ability of an intervention (for example, a drug or surgery) to produce the desired beneficial effect; effectiveness, efficiency, power.
difference (noun) – disagreement, difference of opinion, misunderstanding, dispute, argument, debate.
such as (phrase) – for instance, e.g., to give an example, for example.
strategy (noun) – plan of action (in order to achieve a more expansive set of political, economic, and security interests).
divisive (adjective) – alienating/isolating, disharmonious, discordant.
relative (adjective) – corresponding, comparable, correlative, parallel.
mortality (noun) – (in a particular time/for a cause) the rate/number of death.
dire (adjective) – urgent, desperate, pressing, crying, serious.
likely (adverb) – probably, in all probability, presumably.
come by (phrasal verb) – obtain, acquire, gain, get.
backup (noun) – a reserve; an alternative.
in the event of something (phrase) – if something happens.
surge (noun) – sudden increase, rise, growth.
trial (noun) – test, pilot study, experiment (phase 1, 2,3, and or human/clinical trial).
phase 3 trial (noun) – In the phase 3 trial, the vaccine is given to thousands of people to confirm its safety – including rare side effects – and effectiveness. These trials involve a control group which is given a placebo.
phase 2 trial (noun) – In the phase 2 trial, the vaccine is given to hundreds of people so scientists can learn more about its safety and correct dosage.
phase 1 trial (noun) – In phase 1 trial of clinical testing, the vaccine is given to a small group of people to determine whether it is safe and to learn more about the immune response it provokes.
human trial (noun) – a type of research that studies new tests and treatments and evaluates their effects on human health outcomes; clinical trial.
volunteer (noun) – participant.
seemingly (adverb) – apparently, evidently, outwardly.
shot (noun) – injection, inoculation, immunization, vaccination.
placebo (noun) – it is an inactive substance (with no therapeutic effect) that is given to one group of participants in a clinical trial, while the treatment (usually a drug or vaccine being tested) is given to another group.
appetite (noun) – hunger, hungriness, need for food.
eventually (adverb) – in the end, in due course, after some time.
adverse (adjective) – unfavourable, disadvantageous, bad.
after all (phrase) – most importantly, basically/essentially.
evoke (verb) – invoke, cause, give rise to, bring forth.
distrust (noun) – mistrust, suspicion, lack of trust.
self-defeating (adjective) – futile, pointless, useless.
childhood (noun) – the period of being a child.
immunisation (noun) – the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine. Vaccines stimulate the body’s own immune system to protect the person against subsequent infection or disease.
backbone (noun) – mainstay, cornerstone, foundation, chief support.
inoculate (verb) – to inject/introduce/adminster a vaccine into the body of someone to produce immunity to a particular disease; immunize, vaccinate.
dry run (noun) – test, trial, pilot process; rehearsal, investigation.
Co-WIN (noun) – a digital platform (app) developed by Union Health Ministry, India to help monitor the entire COVID-19 vaccination process in India.
reportedly (adverb) – supposedly, seemingly, apparently, allegedly.
perfect (verb) – improve, make perfect, polish, hone, consummate; achieve/accomplish.
prospective (adjective) – potential, possible, probable, eventual.
rollout (noun) – official launch/introduction.
undo (verb) – cancel, reverse, revoke, nullify, invalidate.
turn up (phrasal verb) – arrive, come, go, be present, attend.
hesitancy (noun) – reluctance, unwillingness, disinclination.
vaccine hesitancy (noun) – a reluctance or refusal to be vaccinated or to have one’s children vaccinated; reluctance or refusal to vaccinate despite the availability of vaccines.
pandemic (noun) – the worldwide spread of a new disease; The illness spreads around the world and typically affects a large number of people across a wide area.
dispensation (noun) – system.
conduct (noun) – handling, controlling, overseeing (of an activity).