The Hindu Editorial (Nipah amidst a pandemic) – Sep 08, 2021

India is far from being anywhere near the finish line with regard to the coronavirus pandemic, even as fears of a Nipah virus outbreak have surfaced in Kerala with one confirmed death in Kozhikode. For further reading, visit “The Hindu”. Below is today’s word list-1 for The Hindu Editorial (Nipah amidst a pandemic) – Sep 08, 2021.

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The Hindu Editorial (Nipah amidst a pandemic) – Sep 08, 2021:

Nipah virus (NiV) (noun) – a zoonotic virus (meaning that it can spread from animals to humans) and can also be transmitted through contaminated food or directly between people. Fruit bats, also called flying foxes are the natural host of Nipah virus. Nipah virus is also known to cause illness in pigs and people. Infection with NiV is associated with encephalitis (swelling of the brain) and can cause mild to severe illness and even death.
amidst (preposition) – amid, in the middle of; during.
pandemic (noun) – the worldwide spread of a new disease; The illness spreads around the world and typically affects a large number of people across a wide area.
vaccine (noun) – a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease.
tropical (adjective) – relating to the region of the Earth near to the equator and between the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere.
tropical infections/diseases (noun) – infections/diseases that are prevalent in or unique to tropical and subtropical regions (e.g. malaria, typhoid, tuberculosis & etc.).
coronavirus (CoV) (noun) – a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases. common signs of infection include respiratory symptoms, fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties. In more severe cases, the infection can cause pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure, and even death. (Courtesy: WHO)
far from (phrase) – not, not at all.
finish line (noun) – end.
with regard to (phrase) – regarding, concerning, with respect to, in respect of, with reference to.
outbreak (noun) – outburst, flaring up, breakout, sudden appearance/occurrence of something.
surface (verb) – emerge, appear, loom.
underline (verb) – emphasize, underscore, highlight.
fatality (noun) – death, casualty, mortality/loss.
fan (verb) – intensify, increase, exacerbate.
exotic (adjective) – relating to a virus/disease which is imported into a country in which they do not otherwise occur.
foreign to (adjective) – not belonging to, irrelevant, not pertinent, inappropriate; unfamiliar, unknown, unheard of, strange, alien, exotic.
glance (noun) – brief/quick look or review.
Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) (noun) – It is one of the major National Health Programme under National Health Mission for all States & UTs in India. The key objective of the programme is to strengthen/maintain decentralized laboratory based IT enabled disease surveillance system for epidemic prone diseases to monitor disease trends and to detect and respond to outbreaks in early rising phase through trained Rapid Response Team (RRTs). (Courtesy : idsp.nic.in)
diversity (noun) – the state/condition of having many different types of something; variety, variation, difference, range.
flash (verb) – display, show, present briefly suddenly.
mention (noun) – reference, remark, indication, recognition.
metropolis (noun) – a big city/a large & busy city.
H1N1 virus (noun) – the influenza type A virus, known as H1N1 is a respiratory infection that was popularly named “swine flu.”
novel coronavirus (nCoV) (SARS-CoV-2) (noun) – a new strain (type/variety) coronavirus that has not been previously identified in humans. (Courtesy: WHO)
draw attention (phrase) – to make someone notice something; emphasize, highlight, underscore; focus on.
precede (verb) – come/go before, go in advance of, lead up to.
contact tracing (noun) – it is defined as the identification and follow-up of persons who may have come into contact with a person infected with the virus.
RT-PCR testing (noun) – Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) Testing; it is one of the most accurate laboratory methods for detecting, tracking, and studying the coronavirus. It is a nuclear-derived method for detecting the presence of specific genetic material from any pathogen, including a virus. (the pathogen is a bacteria/virus that causes disease).
antigen (noun) – disease causing organisms (bacteria & viruses) and other harmful/toxic foreign substances like insect venom that induce an immune response in the body.
antigen test (noun) – a rapid diagnostic test suitable for point-of-care testing that directly detects the presence or absence of an antigen. It is commonly used for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.
personal protective equipment (PPE) (noun) – safety gear; protective clothing, helmets, masks, goggles, gloves or other garments or equipment designed to protect the wearer’s body from injury/disease.
discourse (noun) – discussion, conversation, communication, expression.
public health (noun) – the branch of medicine handling public health; public health is also the science of protecting and improving the health of people and their communities through education, policy making and research for disease and injury prevention.
commend (verb) – praise, compliment, congratulate, applaud, admire.
appreciation (noun) – acknowledgement, recognition, realization; thankfulness, gratitude.
protocol (noun) – procedure, convention, rules of conduct, procedure.
potential (adjective) – possible, likely, prospective, probable.
vaccination (noun) – treatment with a vaccine to protect against a particular disease; immunization.
contagion (noun) – the spreading of a dangerous disease.
context (noun) – circumstances, conditions, situation.
mystery (noun as modifier) – a thing that’s identity is unknown.
diagnosable (adjective) – identifiable, classifiable.
competent (adjective) – capable, proficient, qualified.
peter out (phrasal verb) – disappear or decrease gradually; fade away, come to an end, taper off.
hearten (verb) – comfort, reassure, console, encourage, energize.
evoke (verb) – invoke, induce, kindle, stimulate, stir up.
anticipatory (adjective) – hopeful, eager.
elusive (adjective) – difficult to find, difficult to achieve; intangible.
spike (noun) – a sharp rise/increase of something.
spell (verb) – lead to, result in, bring about, cause.
given (preposition) – considering, taking into account, bearing in mind.
mortality (noun) – (in a particular time/for a cause) the rate/number of death; death, loss of life.
tweak (verb) – adjust, modify, alter, tune, change (finely).
candidate vaccine or vaccine candidate (noun) – a “potential” vaccine prepared in the research and development (R&D) centres and it can be used in human clinical trials.
human trial/clinical trial (noun) – a type of research that studies new tests and treatments and evaluates their effects on human health outcomes.
trial (noun) – test, pilot study, experiment (phase 1, 2,3, and or human/clinical trial).
phase-3 trial (noun) – In phase 3 trial, the vaccine is given to thousands of people to confirm its safety – including rare side effects – and effectiveness. These trials involve a control group which is given a placebo.
phase 2 trial (noun) – In phase 2 trial, the vaccine is given to hundreds of people so scientists can learn more about its safety and correct dosage.
phase 1 trial (noun) – In phase 1 trial of clinical testing, the vaccine is given to a small group of people to determine whether it is safe and to learn more about the immune response it provokes.
bet (noun) – option, choice, alternative, course of action, plan.
no longer (phrase) – not anymore.
coax (verb) – persuade, cajole, prevail on, butter up, sweat talk.