The Hindu Editorial (Focus on full vaccination) – Nov 13, 2021

Even as a small uptick in daily fresh cases has been reported in November, the Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genomics Consortium (INSACOG) has said no new variants of interest or concern have been seen in India. For further reading, visit “The Hindu”. Below is today’s word list-2 for The Hindu Editorial (Focus on full vaccination) – Nov 13, 2021.

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The Hindu Editorial (Focus on full vaccination) – Nov 13, 2021:

vaccination (noun) – treatment with a vaccine to protect against a particular disease; immunization.
inoculation (noun) – vaccination, injection, immunization; jab, shot.
dose (noun) – an amount/quantity of something (a medicine/drug) prescribed to be taken at a specific time.
slacken (verb) – decrease, lessen, diminish, become less intense.
uptick (noun) – a small increase or upward trend.
novel coronavirus (nCoV) (SARS-CoV-2) (noun) – a new strain (type/variety) coronavirus that has not been previously identified in humans. (Courtesy: WHO)
Indian SARS-CoV2 Genomic Consortia (INSACOG) (noun) – INSACOG refers to the Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genome Sequencing Consortia. The INSACOG consortium of scientists, spanning 10 labs across the country, and involved in sequencing genomes of coronavirus samples in different States, had been giving regular updates on the threat from new strains to the government. (Consortia is a plural form of consortium).
Variants of Interest (VoI) (noun) – A variant with specific genetic markers that have been associated with changes to receptor binding, reduced neutralization by antibodies generated against previous infection or vaccination, reduced efficacy of treatments, potential diagnostic impact, or predicted increase in transmissibility or disease severity.
Variant of Concern (VoC) (noun) – A variant for which there is evidence of an increase in transmissibility, more severe disease (e.g., increased hospitalizations or deaths), significant reduction in neutralization by antibodies generated during previous infection or vaccination, reduced effectiveness of treatments or vaccines, or diagnostic detection failures.
variant (noun) – different or form or version or mutant of something (virus).
delta variant/B.1.617.2 (noun) – Formally known as AY.2 or B.1.617.2, it’s a variant of the coronavirus, first identified in India, is renamed as the ‘Delta variant’ by the World Health Organization (WHO) and this variant is reclassified as Variant of Concern (VOC). The B.1.617.1 strain has been reclassified to a Variant of Interest (VOI) and labelled variant “Kappa”.
negligible (adjective) – trivial, inconsequential, inconsiderable, insubstantial, unimportant.
sequence (noun) – the complete order of compounds/building blocks (nucleotides) of nucleic acids, such as RNA or DNA.
genome (noun) – the genetic material (a complete set of DNA, including all of its genes) of an organism. The sum total of the genetic material of a cell or an organism.
genome sequence (noun) – a process that determines the order, or sequence, of the DNA (nucleotides i.e., A, C, G and U) in each of the genes present in the virus’s genome.
AY4.2 variant (noun) – a Delta variant sublineage.
AY.3 variant (noun) – a new sub-lineage of Delta variant.
lineage (noun) – a collection of signature variants that defines a specific line of virus; line, sequence.
in proportion (phrase) – in comparison with; in relation to.
infrequent (adjective) – rare, uncommon, unusual, irregular, exceptional, few and far between.
staggering (adjective) – shocking, distressing, surprising.
dominant (adjective) – most powerful, important, crucial.
epidemiological (adjective) – relating to the study and analysis of the distribution, patterns and determinants of health and disease conditions in defined populations.
predominant (adjective) – main, most important, more powerful.
outcompete (verb) – outperform, beat, defeat, outdo, surpass, eclipse, overtop.
downward (adjective) – descending, falling, sinking, going down.
slow down (phrasal verb) – reduce, lessen decrease.
hit (verb) – reach a particular level.
administer (verb) – dispense, provide, give, apply (a drug/vaccine).
vaccine (noun) – a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease.
vaccinate (verb) – inoculate, administer, introduce (with a vaccine to provide immunity against a disease).
pull out all the stops (phrase) – to make every effort to succeed; to do everything possible, try hard to achieve something.
relentlessly (adverb) – continuously, persistently, firmly/determinedly, continuously in an intense way.
Oxford vaccine/Covishield (noun) – (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) or (AZD1222) is named Covishield in India. Serum Institute of India (SII), a biotechnology company has partnered with global pharma giant AstraZeneca and Oxford University for this vaccine candidate ‘Covidshield’.
account for (phrasal verb) – constitute, make up, comprise, form, represent.
administration (noun) – an act of dispensing, providing, giving, applying (a drug/vaccine).
owing to (phrase) – because of, as a result of, on account of, due to.
complacency (noun) – carelessness, laziness, laxity, self-satisfaction, smugness, self-regard.
hospitalisation (noun) – the act of taking (or) admitting someone to (or) in hospital for treatment.
drop (verb) – decrease, lessen, reduce, fall, decline.
door-to-door (adjective) – relating to something (a supply/campaign) by going to every house in area.
campaign (noun) – an organized effort which seeks to influence the decision making progress within a specific group.
reach out (phrasal verb) – contact someone to obtain/offer help/assistance/cooperation.
Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP) (noun) – Immunization Programme in India was introduced in 1978 as ‘Expanded Programme of Immunization’ (EPI) by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. In 1985, the programme was modified as ‘Universal Immunization Programme’ (UIP) to be implemented in a phased manner to cover all districts in the country by 1989-90 with one of the largest health programmes in the world. In India’s national Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP), the policy is defined, vaccines procured and supplied by the Union government and vaccination implemented by State governments.
outreach (noun) – the level of reaching out/activity/effort; involvement.
immunize (verb) – vaccinate, inoculate, inject (a vaccine).
overcome (verb) – get the better of, prevail over, deal with, solve, triumph over.
hesitancy (noun) – reluctance, unwillingness, disinclination.
(vaccine) hesitancy (noun) – a reluctance or refusal to be vaccinated or to have one’s children vaccinated; reluctance or refusal to vaccinate despite the availability of vaccines.
deploy (verb) – use, utilize, employ, make use of.
drastically (adverb) – substantially.
uptake (noun) – the action of taking up something (available/given).