The Hindu Editorial (Brave new world) – Feb 17, 2024

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The Hindu Editorial (Brave new world) – Feb 17, 2024:

India-European Free Trade Association agreement (India-EFTA) – India and the EFTA have been negotiating the pact, officially dubbed as Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement (TEPA), since January 2008 to boost economic ties.
The European Free Trade Association (EFTA) (noun) – it is a trade organisation and free trade area consisting of four European states- Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland.
intellectual property rights (IPRs) (noun) – the rights given to persons over the creations of their minds. They usually give the creator an exclusive right over the use of his/her creation for a certain period of time. The IPRs are legal rights that protect creations and/or inventions resulting from intellectual activity in the industrial, scientific, literary or artistic fields. Copyright, patent, and trademark are all different types of intellectual property (IP).
invest in (verb) – to put in one’s time, effort, money & energy to a specific task (in order to get an advantage).
reliable (adjective) – acceptable, trustworthy, credible, dependable.
drug (noun) – medicine, medication.
free trade agreement (FTA) (noun) – a treaty/pact between two or more countries to facilitate trade and eliminate trade barriers.
trade agreement/trade pact (noun) – A trade agreement is a contract/agreement/pact between two or more nations (countries/states) that illustrates how they will cooperate to guarantee mutual benefit in the field of trade and investment. They decide the tariffs and duties that nations/countries impose on imports and exports.
fruition (noun) – realization, achievement, accomplishment, completion.
bone of contention (or) point of contention (noun) – a main subject/topic of an argument or disagreement; point at issue, matter in question
persist (verb) – continue, carry on, go on, keep going.
prominent (adjective) – main, important.
pharmaceutical (adjective) – relating to the aspects like preparation, dispensing, and effective utilization of medicinal drugs.
therapeutics (noun) – the remedial treatment of disease/disorders; therapy, medical attention, medical care.
underpin (verb) – support, uphold, bolster, reinforce, strengthen.
relatively (adverb) – comparatively, fairly, reasonably, approximately, somewhat.
generic (adjective) – (in general) general, common, collective, all-inclusive, all-encompassing, comprehensive.
generic (adjective) – (in medicine) unbranded, untrademarked, non-proprietary.
far (adverb) – much.
disproportionate (adjective) – unreasonable, excessive, unfair, uneven, unbalanced.
affordability (noun) – the capacity to afford the cost/price of something.
tussle (noun) – fight, clash, quarrel, argument, contention.
patent (noun) – an exclusive right granted for an invention, which is a product or a process that provides, in general, a new way of doing something, or offers a new technical solution to a problem.
exclusive (adjective) – sole, unique, only, especial.
monopoly (noun) – exclusive/complete control of something by a person/organization.
originator (noun) – inventor, founder, developer, innovator.
reciprocal (adjective) – mutual, shared, common, joint, correlative, corresponding.
direction (noun) – order, regulation, instruction.
thereby (adverb) – as a result of that.
selectively (adverb) –specifically, particularly, judiciously, carefully.
in the interest of (phrase) – for the advantage/benefit of.
broker (verb) – settle, arrange, negotiate, pull off, mediate (an agreement).
sustain (verb) – continue, carry on, keep up, maintain, bolster up.
decade (noun) – a period of ten years.
exclusivity (noun) – the quality of being exclusive.
data exclusivity (noun) – a form of intellectual property protection that applies specifically to data from pharmaceutical clinical trials. While innovator firms run their own clinical trials to gain marketing approval, generic manufacturers typically rely on the innovator’s clinical trials for the same approval. Data exclusivity rules keep generic firms from relying on that data for 5 to 12 years, depending on the specific law.
inveigle (verb) – coax, persuade, convince/cajole.
free trade (noun) – a policy to eliminate barriers/limits/regulations against imports and exports.
negotiations (noun) – talks, discussions, dialogue.
provision (noun) – clause, condition, stipulation, requirement, term.
human trial/clinical trial (noun as modifier) – a type of research that studies new tests and treatments and evaluates their effects on human health outcomes.
efficacy (noun) – In medicine, the ability of an intervention (for example, a drug or surgery) to produce the desired beneficial effect; effectiveness, efficiency, power.
proprietary (adjective) – patented, licensed, branded, own-brand.
out of bounds (adjective) – off limits, restricted, reserved, not permitted.
regulator (noun) – an association/statutory body that supervises a particular business activity.
rely on (phrasal verb) – depend on, trust, believe in, turn to, lean on, bank on, count on.
as well as (phrase) – in addition (to), furthermore, besides, additionally, moreover.
take effect (phrase) – come into force.
hinder (verb) – prevent, stop, avert, block, deter, obstruct.
affordable (adjective) – inexpensive.
suggest (verb) – indicate, denote, signify, signal.
alive (adjective) – continuing, going on, on the agenda.
ecosystem (noun) – complex situation/environment.
start from (the) scratch (phrase) – to start doing something again from the very beginning, especially without using/relying on anything that previously exists.
paradigm (noun) – a model or pattern of something; example, prototype, standard, criterion.
confined (adjective) – limited/restricted to a particular location.
the West (noun) – The Western world/civilization consisting of the majority of Europe & the North America.
development (noun) – growth, advancement, progress.
novel (adjective) – new, unusual.
pandemic (noun) – the worldwide spread of a new disease; The illness spreads around the world and typically affects a large number of people across a wide area.
substantially (adverb) – considerably, appreciably, significantly.
incubate (verb) – give support and aid the development of something.