Advanced Word List 2-Learn English-Improve Vocabulary (Forging a culture of innovation – The Hindu Apr 07, 2018)

Today’s Advanced Word List 2-Learn English-Improve Vocabulary.

On paper, India should be in a good position in terms of research and development (R&D) spending. For further reading, visit “The Hindu”.

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Courtesy: The Hindu

Today’s Advanced Word List-2 To Learn English And To Improve Vocabulary:

forge (verb) – build, form, create.
ecosystem (noun) – complex network/environment.
on paper (phrase) – in theory, theoretically, hypothetically.
pipeline (noun) – an arrangement providing information.
ethos (noun) – principles, beliefs, attitudes/ethics.
lacklustre (adjective) – dull; uninspired, uninteresting.
ivory tower (noun) – theoretical, conceptual, unpragmatic.
stagnate (verb) – do nothing, deteriorate, decline/fall.
lag behind (phrasal verb) – trail, fall back, straggle/move slowly.
institutional (adjective) – bureaucratic, procedural, established.
pendency (adjective) – a way of remaining undecided.
ripe (for) (adjective) – ready, fit, suitable.
transformative (adjective) – life-changing, metamorphic.
bogus (adjective) – fake, false, fraudulent.
with due regard for (phrase) – with proper concern/care for.
cognitive (adjective) – related to the mental processes (cognition) of thinking, understanding, learning, remembering.
rote learning (noun) – learning without understanding the subject; memorisation.
nurture (verb) – encourage, develop, foster.
islands of excellence (noun) – (referring to) established institutions like (IIT, IIM & IISc).
scarcity (noun) – shortage, insufficiency, paucity.
trajectory (noun) – course, route, path.