The Hindu Editorial (a paradigm shift) – Aug 16, 2025

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The Hindu Editorial (a paradigm shift) – Aug ​16, 2025:

1. paradigm shift (noun) – fundamental change, basic change, important change, radical change, complete change (with new ideas/thinking).
2. anew (adverb) – again, afresh, once again, once more.
3. strategy (noun) – plan of action (in order to achieve a more expansive set of political, economic, and security interests).
4. implore (verb) – urge, beg, request earnestly (sincerely) & desperately.​
5. livelihood (noun) – means of making a living with the basic necessities (food, water, shelter and clothing); means of support, subsistence, source of income.
6. tariff (noun) – a tax imposed by one country on the goods and services imported from another country.
7. kick in (phrasal verb) – come into effect; come into operation.
8. contingent (adjective) – dependent on, based on, conditional on, subject to, be determined by, be decided by, controlled by.
9. outcome (noun) – end result, consequence, aftermath, effect, development.
10. negotiation (noun) – discussion, discourse, debate, dialogue, deliberation, talks, parley.​
11. highly placed (adjective) – in an important or influential position.
12. explore (verb) – consider, check out, examine, look into.
13. tweak (verb) – change, alter, adjust, modify.
14. Export Promotion Mission (EPM) (noun) – an Export Promotion Mission is a multi-Ministry project with a ₹2,250 crore allocation for the current financial year, which would “facilitate easy access to export credit, cross-border factoring support, and support to MSMEs to tackle non-tariff measures in overseas markets”. 
15. outlay (noun) – expenditure, expenses, spending, outgoings, money spent.
16. fiscal (year) (noun) – financial year.
17. drive (verb) – cause to happen; cause to develop.
18. export credit (noun) – it refers to financing or credit facilities that are extended to exporters to enable them to sell goods and services in overseas markets.
19. overcome (verb) – deal with, get control of.
20. tariff/trade barriers (noun) – taxes established by each country to restrict foreign trade.
21. trade barriers (noun) – government-induced restrictions on international trade.
22. non-tariff barriers (noun) – it refer to any measures, other than customs tariffs, that regulate imports or exports into a country. Non-tariff barriers include embargoes, sanctions, and levies.
23. drive (verb) – operate, handle, manage.
24. on (adverb) – taking place.
25. likely (adverb) -probably, presumably, in all probability.
26. due to (phrase) – because of, as a result of, thanks to, on account of, owing to.
27. sanctions (noun) – action taken, or an order given to force a country to obey international laws by limiting or stopping trade with that country, by not allowing economic aid for that country, etc.
28. account for (phrasal verb) – constitute, comprise, form, compose, make up, represent.
29. apparel (noun) – clothes, clothing, garments, dress, attire.
30. imploration (noun) – request, appeal, urging.
31. diversify (verb) – vary, bring variety to; modify, alter/change, transform, expand, enlarge. ​
32. tacit (adjective) – implied, indirect, hinted, unstated, implicit, unexpressed, underlying
33. admission (noun) – acknowledgement, acceptance, revelation, expression, disclosure, recognition.
34. bilateral (adjective) – involving two groups or countries.
35. Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA) (noun) – a formal agreement/deal between two countries which outlines specific terms for trade, commerce, transit, or investment.
36. deadlock (verb) – halt, stop.
37. equation (noun) – the situation (or) the problem, the quandary, the predicament.
38. translate into (verb) – change, transform, transfigure, convert, alter.
39. arguably (adverb) – perhaps, likely, probably, maybe.
40. hit (verb) – to reach a level.
41. the Cold War (noun) – The Cold War was a state of political and military tension after World War II between powers in the Western Bloc and powers in the Eastern Bloc.
42. enmesh (verb) – mix up, entangle, catch up, bog down, mire.
43. supply chain (noun) – a dynamic network when a company purchases or uses goods or services from others. It involves people, information, processes, and resources involved in the production, handling, and distribution of materials and finished products or providing a service to the customer.
44. decade (noun) – a period of ten years.
45. undo (verb) – reverse, nullify, revoke, cancel, annul, make ineffective, bring to an end.
46. overnight (adverb) – instantly, promptly, immediately, suddenly, quickly; swiftly, expeditiously.
47. reliance (noun) – dependence.
48. rare earth elements (REEs) (noun) – a group of 17 elements including 15 silvery-white metals called lanthanides, or lanthanoids, plus scandium and yttrium. They are used in a wide range of products including consumer electronics, electric vehicles (EVs), aircraft engines, medical equipment, oil refining, and military applications such as missiles and radar systems. China accounts for about 60% of global mine production and 90% of processed and permanent magnet output.
49. ongoing (adjective) – current, existing, continuing.
50. stakeholder (noun) – a person with an interest in something.
51. reciprocal tax (noun) – a tax imposed by one country on imports from another country in response to similar tariffs. The tariffs aim to match or offset tariffs and other trade barriers imposed on US goods by foreign nations.
52. counter-tariff (or) retaliatory tariff (noun) – punitive tariff; an extra tariff/tax that a country charges on import goods from another country to punish the another country for charging tax on its own export goods.
53. chorus (noun) – an expression of something by many people (at the same time).
54. drastic (adjective) – serious, substantial, rigorous.
55. intervention (noun) – the process of intervening in something; involvement, interference.
56. safeguard (verb) – protect, guard, shield, provide protection for, defend, cover, insulate.​
57. backbone (noun) – centrepiece, foundation, key player, mainstay, central component, cornerstone.
58. fishery (noun) – areas of the sea where fish are caught in large quantities for commercial purposes.
59. sought past tense of seek (verb) – ask for, request, appeal, demand.
60. moratorium (noun) – a temporary suspension/postponement/hold of activity (for example; payment of a debt).
61. subsidy (noun) – also called as subvention; a financial contribution granted to help an industry or business, mostly given by a government, in order to keep the price of service/goods at a low level.
62. rule out (phrasal verb) – exclude, eliminate, dismiss, reject.
63. unprecedented (adjective) – not done or experienced before.
64. novel (adjective) – new, unusual, different, fresh, creative.
65. arsenal (noun) – a range of resources (or weaponry) ready for a particular use; collection, range, battery, line-up, array.
66. refashion (verb) – improve, rectify, correct.
67. ties (noun) – association, relationship, bond, connection.
68. neighbour (noun) – a country that is next to another country; (bordering) country.
69. assiduous (adjective) – determined, committed, diligent, careful, attentive, earnest, ambitious, enthusiastic, passionate.
70. cultivation (noun) – improvement, development; bettering; enlightenment.
71. pay off (phrasal verb) – be successful, work out, be effective, get results.

Note : 

1. Click each one of the words above for their definition, more synonyms, pronunciation, example sentences, phrases, derivatives, origin and etc. from http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/.

2. Definitions (elementary level) & Synonyms provided for the words above are my personal work and not that of Oxford University Press. Tentative definitions/meanings are provided for study purposes only and they may vary in a different context.  

3. This word list is for personal use only. Reproduction in any format and/or Commercial use of it is/are strictly prohibited.

The Hindu Editorial (a paradigm shift) – Aug 16, 2025: