The Hindu Editorial (Tough timing) – May 19, 2025

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The Hindu Editorial (Tough timing) – May 19, 2025:

1. Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) (noun) – Indian Space Research Organisation, formed in 1969, superseded the erstwhile Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR). Vikram Sarabhai, having identified the role and importance of space technology in a Nation’s development, provided ISRO with the necessary direction to function as an agent of development. ISRO then embarked on its mission to provide the Nation space-based services and to develop the technologies to achieve the same independently.
2. Satellite Launch Vehicle ( SLV) (noun) – a small-lift launch vehicle project started by the Indian Space Research Organisation to develop the technology needed to launch satellites.
3. Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) (noun) – Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) is the third generation launch vehicle of India. It is the first Indian launch vehicle to be equipped with liquid stages. After its first successful launch in October 1994, PSLV emerged as the reliable and versatile workhorse launch vehicle of India with 53 launches so far. To date, the vehicle has launched 48 Indian satellites (till 2017) and 342 satellites for customers from 34 countries. 
4. PSLV-C61 (noun) – it marked the 63^rd flight of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle and the 27^th using the PSLV-XL configuration. PSLV-C61 vehicle would carry the EOS-09 (Earth Observation Satellite-09) into a SSPO orbit.
5. mission (noun) – an expedition (journey) into space.
6. contemporary (adjective) – present day, current, modern.
7. spaceflight (noun) – space travel; a journey through space.
8. more so (phrase) – to a greater degree; to a greater extent.
9. following (preposition) – after, subsequent to, in the wake of, as a result of, ensuing.
10. EOS-09 earth-observation satellite (noun) – EOS-09 is designed to provide continuous and reliable remote sensing data for operational applications across various sectors. The EOS-09 satellite carried a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) payload, capable of providing images of the Earth in all weather conditions. EOS-09 is a repeat satellite of EOS-04, designed with the mission objective to ensuring remote sensing data for the user community engaged in operational applications and to improve the frequency of observation.
11. Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO) (noun) – It is a particular kind of polar orbit in which satellites are in sync with the Sun.
12. civilian (adjective) – non-military, ordinary.
13. hydrology (noun) – the scientific study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth and other planets.
14. surveillance (noun) – monitoring, observation, scrutiny, inspection.
15. inclement (adjective) – bad, severe, extreme, harsh, adverse; rainy, snowy, windy, stormy.
16. prevail over (phrasal verb) – overcome, succeed; triumph; be victorious; gain mastery; prove superior.
17. thanks to (phrase) – as a result of, owing to, due to, because of.
18. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) (noun) – it refers to a technique for producing fine-resolution images from a resolution-limited radar system. A type of satellite imagery using radar waves to map the Earth’s surface.
     
19. C band (mid-band) (noun) – The C band is a designation by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the microwave range of frequencies ranging from 4.0 to 8.0 gigahertz (GHz); However, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) designated 3.7-4.2 GHz as C band. The C-Band (3.4 – 4.2 GHz) is a cornerstone/basis for many satellite services; This C-band (or mid-band) is the best RF spectrum for 5G deployment as well. The protection of the existing satellite systems operating in the C-band is crucial while allocating C-band frequencies to the upcoming 5G deployment, and to accomplish this, suitable spectrum sharing mechanisms need to be investigated.
20. tensions (noun) – strained relations, strain, unease.
21. glitch (noun) – a small & temporary problem, difficulty, issue/complication.
22. lift-off (noun) – a vertical take off (of a rocket/helicopter/spacecraft).
23. altitude (noun) – height, elevation, distance above the ground/sea.
24. ascertain (verb) – find out, understand, recognize, get to know.
25. textbook (adjective) – most typical, standard, conventional, classic, model, exemplary, quintessential.
26. given (noun) – known fact/condition, established fact/situation, reality, certainty.
27. embark on (phrasal verb) – start, begin, commence, initiate, engage, undertake, enter upon, get cracking on, take forward.
28. ambitious (adjective) – formidable, difficult, challenging, demanding.
29. Space-Based Surveillance-3 (SBS-3) programme (noun) – it involves a collaborative effort between the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and private industry.
30. backdrop (noun) – situation, scenario, context.
31. margin of error (phrase) – (in statistics) it is the degree of error in results received from random sampling surveys.
32. pressing (adjective) – urgent, critical, crucial, serious, desparate, important, key, vital, high-priority, burning, essential.
33. climate change (noun) – a long-term change in the Earth’s climate, or of a region on Earth.
34. lack (verb) – to not have something; to be without something.
35. luxury (adjective) – having enough time to do something.
36. come under (phrase) – be subjected to.
37. sphere (noun) – arena, domain, realm, field, territory, area; an area/field of activity.
38. NVS-02 navigation satellite
39. designated (adjective) – specified, pre-determined. 
40. orbit (noun) – curved path.
41. increasingly (adverb) – more and more, steadily more, continuously more, gradually more.
42. manifest (noun) – list, timetable, agenda, schedule, index.
43. data acquisition (DAQ) (noun) – it refers to the process of collecting and measuring physical world converting them into digital data for analysis.
44. pipeline (noun) – the process of being planned or developed.
45. remiss (adjective) – negligent, neglectful, careless, heedless, unmindful, lax, inattentive, disregardful.
46. if only (phrase) – even if for no other reason than; only just.
47. enterprise (noun) – activity, project, business, undertaking, venture, pursuit.
48. time-sensitive (adjective) – time-critical (tasks that must be completed by a specific date).

Note : 

1. Click each one of the words above for their definition, more synonyms, pronunciation, example sentences, phrases, derivatives, origin and etc. from http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/.

2. Definitions (elementary level) & Synonyms provided for the words above are my personal work and not that of Oxford University Press. Tentative definitions/meanings are provided for study purposes only and they may vary in a different context.  

3. This word list is for personal use only. Reproduction in any format and/or Commercial use of it is/are strictly prohibited.

The Hindu Editorial (Tough timing) – May 19, 2025: